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Microbial
origin of other chronic inflammatory conditions?
Oct 3, 2005
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet Awards Prize
"Many
diseases in humans such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid
arthritis and atherosclerosis are due to chronic inflammation. The discovery
that one of the most common diseases of mankind, peptic ulcer disease,
has a microbial cause, has stimulated the search for microbes as possible
causes of other chronic inflammatory conditions. Even though no definite
answers are at hand, recent data clearly suggest that a dysfunction in
the recognition of microbial products by the human immune system
can result in disease development. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori
has led to an increased understanding of the connection between chronic
infection, inflammation and cancer." More
Inflammatory
heart disease: A role for cytokines
Lupus. 2005;14(9):646-51.
Department
of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Inflammatory
heart disease is a rising concern worldwide. Similar mechanisms link autoimmune
diseases, including the association of increased disease with proinflammatory
cytokines and the importance of regulatory mechanisms in the control of
chronic inflammation. Many pathogens including bacteria, protozoa and
viruses have been associated with heart disease in patients, and are able
to induce similar disease in animal models. Recognition of pathogens by
the innate immune system leads to release of proinflammatory cytokines
that both reduce infection and increase chronic inflammatory heart disease.
Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines are able to overcome tolerance
to chronic disease, indicating that environmental factors are important
in determining progression to chronic heart disease. Understanding the
mechanisms leading to chronic heart disease will be critical for developing
effective therapies to reduce cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
The
relevance of selenium to immunity, cancer, and infectious / inflammatory
diseases
Cancer Journal
Diet Pract Res. 2005 Summer;66(2):98-102.
.
Selenium is an essential trace element involved in several key metabolic
activities via selenoproteins, enzymes that are essential to protect against
oxidative damage and to regulate immune function. Selenium also may have
other health benefits unrelated to its enzymatic functions. It may provide
important health benefits to people whose oxidative stress loads are high,
such as those with inflammatory or infectious diseases like rheumatoid
arthritis or human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
or who are at high risk for cancers, particularly prostate cancer. Some
studies have generated compelling evidence that selenium is beneficial,
either alone or in conjunction with other micronutrients. Additional data
from large clinical trials that provide the highest level of evidence
will be key to determining the benefits accrued at various selenium intake
levels. When the strength of the evidence becomes sufficient, clinical
health professionals will need to use dietary and clinical assessment
methods to ensure that people at increased risk for cancer or inflammatory
and infectious diseases can be appropriately advised about selenium intake.
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